Mkuwa (Cu)
Mkuwa (Cu) ukasungunuka muzitsulo zotayidwa, makina amawongoleredwa bwino ndipo ntchito yodula imakhala bwino.Komabe, kukana kwa dzimbiri kumachepa ndipo kusweka kotentha kumakhala kosavuta kuchitika.Mkuwa (Cu) monga chodetsa ali ndi zotsatira zofanana.
Mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa aloyi kumatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri ndi mkuwa (Cu) woposa 1.25%.Komabe, mvula ya Al-Cu imayambitsa kuchepa panthawi yakufa, kutsatiridwa ndi kufalikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa kuponyera kukhala kosakhazikika.
Magnesium (Mg)
Magnesium pang'ono (Mg) amawonjezeredwa kuti athetse dzimbiri la intergranular.Pamene magnesiamu (Mg) iposa mtengo womwe watchulidwa, madzimadzi amawonongeka, ndipo kuphulika kwa kutentha ndi mphamvu zowonongeka zimachepa.
Silicon (Si)
Silicon (Si) ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera madzi.Madzi abwino kwambiri amatha kupezeka kuchokera ku eutectic kupita ku hypereutectic.Komabe, silicon (Si) yomwe imawunikira imakonda kupanga mfundo zolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yodula ikhale yoipitsitsa.Chifukwa chake, sikuloledwa kupitilira malo a eutectic.Kuphatikiza apo, silicon (Si) imatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamakokedwe, kuuma, kudula magwiridwe antchito, komanso mphamvu pa kutentha kwakukulu ndikuchepetsa kutalika.
Magnesium (Mg) Aluminium-magnesium alloy ali ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yolimbana ndi dzimbiri.Chifukwa chake, ADC5 ndi ADC6 ndi ma aloyi omwe amalimbana ndi dzimbiri.Mtundu wake wokhazikika ndi waukulu kwambiri, kotero umakhala ndi brittleness yotentha, ndipo ma castings amatha kusweka, kupangitsa kuponyera kukhala kovuta.Magnesium (Mg) ngati zonyansa muzinthu za AL-Cu-Si, Mg2Si ipangitsa kuti kuponyera kukhale kolimba, kotero muyezo umakhala mkati mwa 0.3%.
Chitsulo (Fe) Ngakhale kuti chitsulo (Fe) chikhoza kuonjezera kutentha kwa zinc (Zn) ndikuchepetsanso ndondomeko ya recrystallization, mu kufa-casting kusungunuka, chitsulo (Fe) chimachokera kuzitsulo zachitsulo, machubu a gooseneck, ndi zida zosungunuka, ndi imasungunuka mu zinc (Zn).Chitsulo (Fe) chonyamulidwa ndi aluminiyumu (Al) ndi chochepa kwambiri, ndipo chitsulo (Fe) chikadutsa malire osungunuka, chidzawoneka ngati FeAl3.Zowonongeka zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi Fe nthawi zambiri zimapanga slag ndikuyandama ngati mankhwala a FeAl3.Kuponyedwa kumakhala kosavuta, ndipo machinability amawonongeka.The fluidity wa chitsulo zimakhudza kusalala kwa kuponyera pamwamba.
Zonyansa zachitsulo (Fe) zidzapanga masingano ngati singano a FeAl3.Popeza kufa-kuponyedwa kumatsitsidwa mwachangu, makhiristo omwe amawotcha amakhala abwino kwambiri ndipo sangaganizidwe kuti ndi zinthu zovulaza.Ngati zomwe zili ndi zosakwana 0.7%, sizili zophweka kugwetsa, kotero kuti zitsulo za 0.8-1.0% zimakhala bwino kuti ziwonongeke.Ngati pali chitsulo chochuluka (Fe), zitsulo zazitsulo zidzapangidwa, kupanga mfundo zolimba.Komanso, pamene chitsulo (Fe) okhutira kuposa 1.2%, izo kuchepetsa fluidity aloyi, kuwononga khalidwe la kuponyera, ndi kufupikitsa moyo wa zigawo zikuluzikulu zitsulo mu zida kufa-kuponya.
Nickel (Ni) Mofanana ndi mkuwa (Cu), pali chizolowezi chowonjezera mphamvu zowonongeka ndi kuuma, ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri kukana kwa dzimbiri.Nthawi zina, nickel (Ni) amawonjezedwa kuti apititse patsogolo kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kukana kutentha, koma zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi kutenthetsa kwa kutentha.
Manganese (Mn) Ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo kutentha kwamphamvu kwa ma alloys okhala ndi mkuwa (Cu) ndi silicon (Si).Ngati zidutsa malire ena, zimakhala zosavuta kupanga Al-Si-Fe-P + o {T * T f; X Mn quaternary compounds, zomwe zingathe kupanga mosavuta mfundo zolimba ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha.Manganese (Mn) angalepheretse recrystallization ndondomeko aloyi zotayidwa, kuwonjezera kutentha recrystallization, ndi kwambiri konza recrystallization njere.Kukonzanso kwa njere za recrystallization makamaka chifukwa cha kulepheretsa kwa tinthu tating'ono ta MnAl6 pakukula kwa njere za recrystallization.Ntchito ina ya MnAl6 ndikusungunula chitsulo chosayera (Fe) kupanga (Fe, Mn) Al6 ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zovulaza zachitsulo.Manganese (Mn) ndi chinthu chofunikira pazitsulo za aluminiyamu ndipo chitha kuwonjezeredwa ngati choyimira cha Al-Mn binary alloy kapena pamodzi ndi zinthu zina.Chifukwa chake, ma aluminium ambiri amakhala ndi manganese (Mn).
Zinc (Zn)
Ngati zinc yonyansa (Zn) ilipo, imawonetsa kuzizira kwambiri.Komabe, akaphatikizidwa ndi mercury (Hg) kuti apange ma alloys amphamvu a HgZn2, amapanga kulimbikitsa kwambiri.JIS imati zomwe zili mu zinc (Zn) zodetsedwa ziyenera kukhala zosakwana 1.0%, pomwe miyezo yakunja imatha kuloleza mpaka 3%.Kukambitsiranaku sikukunena za zinki (Zn) ngati chigawo cha aloyi koma m'malo mwake ntchito yake ngati chidetso chomwe chimayambitsa ming'alu pakuponya.
Chromium (Cr)
Chromium (Cr) imapanga intermetallic mankhwala monga (CrFe) Al7 ndi (CrMn) Al12 mu aluminiyamu, kulepheretsa nucleation ndi kukula kwa recrystallization ndi kupereka zina kulimbikitsa aloyi.Ikhozanso kupititsa patsogolo kulimba kwa alloy ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa corrosion cracking sensitivity.Komabe, imatha kukulitsa chidwi chozimitsa.
Titaniyamu (Ti)
Ngakhale pang'ono titaniyamu (Ti) mu aloyi akhoza kusintha makina ake katundu, koma akhoza kuchepetsa madutsidwe magetsi.Zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri za titaniyamu (Ti) mu Al-Ti mndandanda wa ma aloyi owumitsa mvula ndi pafupifupi 0.15%, ndipo kupezeka kwake kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndikuwonjezera boron.
Kutsogolera (Pb), Tin (Sn), ndi Cadmium (Cd)
Calcium (Ca), lead (Pb), malata (Sn), ndi zonyansa zina zitha kukhalapo muzitsulo za aluminiyamu.Popeza zinthuzi zimakhala ndi malo osungunuka ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, zimapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi aluminiyamu (Al), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zosiyanasiyana pamagulu a aluminiyamu.Calcium (Ca) imakhala ndi kusungunuka kolimba kwambiri mu aluminiyamu ndipo imapanga mankhwala a CaAl4 okhala ndi aluminiyamu (Al), omwe amatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yodula yazitsulo zotayidwa.lead (Pb) ndi malata (Sn) ndi zitsulo zotsika kwambiri zosungunuka zolimba mu aluminiyamu (Al), zomwe zimatha kutsitsa mphamvu ya alloy koma kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yake yodula.
Kuchulukitsa kwa lead (Pb) kumatha kuchepetsa kuuma kwa zinc (Zn) ndikuwonjezera kusungunuka kwake.Komabe, ngati mtovu uliwonse (Pb), malata (Sn), kapena cadmium (Cd) uposa kuchuluka kwa aluminiyamu: aloyi ya zinc, dzimbiri zitha kuchitika.Kuwonongeka kumeneku kumakhala kosawerengeka, kumachitika pakapita nthawi inayake, ndipo kumatchulidwa makamaka pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-09-2023